Definition
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral disease caused by a virus belonging to the family of herpes viruses, varicella-zoster. Preferentially affecting children, it is usually benign but can sometimes cause complications, especially when it occurs in adulthood. Contracted during pregnancy, the disease poses a risk to the embryo or fetus. Chickenpox is more serious for people whose immunity is deficient (eg, those with AIDS).
A person who contracted chickenpox is immune because the infection permanently protects against the disease. People who have had chickenpox in childhood are at risk of contracting it in adulthood. However, the disease may be more serious from adolescence.
The chickenpox virus can also cause shingles. Chickenpox is the first manifestation of infection with varicella-zoster virus, which is called primary infection. After recovery, the virus remains sleeping in the ganglia near the spinal cord. Under certain circumstances it may be reactivated and start to multiply. It then travels along the nerves emerging from one or more nodes, causing severe pain and a rash on the skin. This is known as shingles.
Causes and Risk Factors
Causes and factors Risikopolitik chickenpox affects only humans. The virus is spread by inhaling droplets from coughs and sneezes of infected people. It can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected skin lesions (vesicles). The main risk factor is never to have contracted the disease before.
Since chickenpox is contagious already before the first symptoms appear, the measures necessary to prevent the spread are often not taken. An unimmunized person in contact with the virus is therefore likely to be infected in turn.
Attendance at school or daycare when an epidemic is a major risk factor in children not immunized. Adults who never contracted the disease risk, too, to be contaminated if they are in contact with people with chickenpox.
People with immune deficiencies from AIDS or a cancer treatment for example, are at risk of developing a severe form of chickenpox with extensive skin lesions and damage to other organs.
In pregnant women, chickenpox can be dramatic. During the first trimester of pregnancy, chickenpox can cause miscarriage. When the embryo or fetus is infected, various abnormalities such as deformation of a member, a malformation of the eyes or inflammation of the brain can be observed.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The incubation period for chickenpox lasts two to three weeks. The infected person is already contagious even before it shows the first signs of the disease: the contagious period begins about 1 day before the onset of symptoms and ends with the formation of scabs.
Symptoms and diagnosis VaricelleLa disease begins with mild fever of about 38 ° C. Other symptoms similar to influenza may be associated headache, abdominal pain and general feeling of fatigue. Then there is the appearance of blisters on the skin causing intense itching. This is the eruptive phase. These vesicles are formed first in the chest, then win the shoulders, chest, back and also the scalp.
The lesions evolved in three stages: red patches, blisters surface the size of a pinhead filled with clear fluid, and crusts. Within 24 hours, the vesicles dry and form a crust. After a few days, brownish crusts fall off. The eruptive succeed for 2 to 4 days, during which lesions at different stages coexist.
The exanthem – rash in the mucous membranes – is often quiet and appears at the mouth, especially on the palate. It may include watery eyes, cough and dysuria. The mouth sores can sometimes become infected and develop into ulcers. The result is a sensation of discomfort for the patient and difficulty swallowing.
Tips for Chickenpox
* If your child has contracted the disease, keep it at home and make sure it is resting to recuperate. He may return to school when the fever is gone and that all lesions are crusted over. At this point, it is no longer contagious.
* If you or a family member are likely to develop a severe form of disease, for example if you are immunocompromised, stay away from subjects and contagious case of contact, immediately consult a doctor.
* If you have never had chickenpox and you are in contact with one or immunocompromised persons, discuss with your doctor for a possible vaccination against chickenpox.
* If your child has contracted chicken pox and he scratches a lot, let them take warm baths short. Be sure to dry the skin lesions.
* To prevent damage to your child does surinfectent, cut her nails short and clean his hands several times a day with soap. You can also make him wear clean cotton gloves or socks strung on hand to prevent it from scratching at night.
* Tips VaricelleEn lesions in the mouth, do not drink too much salty foods, citrus fruits, but prefer dairy products and soups.
* If your child has a fever, be sure to drink plenty.
* If you have not contracted chickenpox and want to have a baby, consult your doctor to consider vaccination. For safety, a pregnancy test should be performed before, and effective contraception should be put in place during the 3 months following vaccination.
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Tags: blisters surface, red patches, Risikopolitik chickenpox, Tips for Chickenpox, viral disease
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